How can I stop someone from hurting me when they don't care about my feelings without removing myself physically?

You could talk to the person about how your feeling- they perhaps don't know this is how you feel. But if you feel it's gone too far for a discussion- then it's very important to avoid toxic relationships. Avoid that person and their friendship groups.

If you absolutely feel you must stay in contact with this person then you're going to need to work on putting up barriers to protect yourself. This isn't an easy thing to do, but you need to mentally put up walls so that their words can just bounce right off. It takes time and practice and means you're going to continue getting hurt for a while but in the long run it will make dealing with this person easier. Depending on your relationship with this person you might also consider what is causing them to lash out at you and perhaps discuss it with them. Maybe their pattern of hurting you is hiding something darker happening for them.

Holding strong on your boundaries can feel like a challenge. I know that from experience, respecting my personal wishes and staying true to what feels right is ultimately what makes me feel the best. This means that regardless of what someone else might feel about me, I know that I deserve respect - the first step is taking the action to recognize that I am in control of what I let get through to me, as hard as it might be in practice sometimes. Letting people know that you are feeling hurt by what they have said, and simply letting them know that you do not want to be spoken to that way can be a great first step in advocating for your needs and staying strong in your boundaries.